Monday, February 15, 2010
Swine Flu History
On the cold afternoon of February 5, 1976, an Army recruit told his drill instructor at Fort Dix that he felt tired and weak but not sick enough to see military medics or skip a big training hike.
Within 24 hours, 19-year-old Pvt. David Lewis of Ashley Falls, Mass., was dead, killed by an influenza not seen since the plague of 1918-19, which took 500,000 American lives and 20 million worldwide.
Two weeks after the recruit’s death, health officials disclosed to America that something called “swine flu” had killed Lewis and hospitalized four of his fellow soldiers at the Army base in Burlington County. The ominous name of the flu alone was enough to touch off civilian fear of an epidemic. And government doctors knew from tests hastily conducted at Dix after Lewis’ death that 500 soldiers had caught swine flu without falling ill.
Within 24 hours, 19-year-old Pvt. David Lewis of Ashley Falls, Mass., was dead, killed by an influenza not seen since the plague of 1918-19, which took 500,000 American lives and 20 million worldwide.
Two weeks after the recruit’s death, health officials disclosed to America that something called “swine flu” had killed Lewis and hospitalized four of his fellow soldiers at the Army base in Burlington County. The ominous name of the flu alone was enough to touch off civilian fear of an epidemic. And government doctors knew from tests hastily conducted at Dix after Lewis’ death that 500 soldiers had caught swine flu without falling ill.
Obtencion de muestras en hematologia. Organizacion laboratorio de hematologia
Tipos muestras para hematología
-Sangre periférica
-Hemograma. VSG
-Coagulación
-Hierro, grupo/Rh/pruebas cruzadas,
-Inmunofenotipado (citometría de flujo)
-Citogenética/Biología molecular
-Médula ósea
-Morfología
-Citometría de flujo
-Citogenética/Biología molecular
-Otras: Líquidos biológicos (citología, citometría)
-Hemograma. VSG
-Coagulación
-Hierro, grupo/Rh/pruebas cruzadas,
-Inmunofenotipado (citometría de flujo)
-Citogenética/Biología molecular
-Médula ósea
-Morfología
-Citometría de flujo
-Citogenética/Biología molecular
-Otras: Líquidos biológicos (citología, citometría)
Error in Patient Care and Clinical Practice drug allergy
Medical Error Agenda
-Understanding error in industry and healthcare
-Types and sources of human error
-Decreasing the potential for error
-How information systems can help
-Can information systems be harmful?
-Types and sources of human error
-Decreasing the potential for error
-How information systems can help
-Can information systems be harmful?
Previous Work in Error from Industry
-Industrial, nuclear, airline, NASA accidents
-Bad outcomes occur through interaction of human, system and organizational errors (unpredictable)
-Tightly-coupled vs. loosely-coupled systems
-Importance of problem-reporting and experience
-Progressive improvement through sustained effort
99% error-free is not adequate (current industrial goal is 3 errors per 1 million actions, 99.9997%)
-Financial incentives are important in reducing error
-Impressive success over 30 years
-Bad outcomes occur through interaction of human, system and organizational errors (unpredictable)
-Tightly-coupled vs. loosely-coupled systems
-Importance of problem-reporting and experience
-Progressive improvement through sustained effort
99% error-free is not adequate (current industrial goal is 3 errors per 1 million actions, 99.9997%)
-Financial incentives are important in reducing error
-Impressive success over 30 years
The idea came from
Adenosine has been proposed to be an endogenous anticonvulsant agent,
inhibiting glutamate release from excitatory neurons and inhibiting neuronal firing
inhibiting glutamate release from excitatory neurons and inhibiting neuronal firing
Adenosine receptors
Adenosine receptors are widely distributed throughout the body. There are increasing therapeutic applications for adenosine receptor agonists and antagonists that act at the four adenosine receptor subtypes AI, A2A, A2B and A3(1). Adenosine has been proposed to be an endogenous anticonvulsant agent, inhibiting glutamate release from excitatory neurons and inhibiting neuronal firing.
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